The City’s Mayor recently proposed to put up tolls on the Gardiner and the DVP in order to raise money for transit and roads. Many people support this idea as the environmentally responsible thing to do and just as many more think that out of town drivers need to pay their fair share too.This line of thinking, however, has many problems. For starters, this new levy is going to hurt working people that have no travel options the most. If you work downtown, but have no other mode of transportation and cannot afford to live downtown, this will be very unfair to you. Most people cannot afford to live in the core of the City any more. If that is where you work or study you are not driving there by choice. Nobody drives downtown without a reason during rush hour nowadays, the commute is awful. Let us not forget that the drive in the 401 is awful, because Hwy 407 costs money to use. If we force cars and the people that drive them off our highways for environmental reasons, but Lakeshore Blvd and Avenue Road become rush hour parking lots, will that reduce the carbon foot print of the City? Where is the study that shows that the effects seen in other places will work here? What options are being built for commuters and when will these be available for them?Many of us do not have an easy transit route downtown and a car isn’t an option for many, but is instead the only means of getting to the place where you make a living. Tolls may, in theory, provide some resolution for the transportation needs of suburban commuters, but do not solve their real life transportation problems for the next 10 plus years. The poorer you are as a regular commuter, the worse tolls will make your situation, because tolls are after all a flat tax that hits the working people relatively harder.Tolls are not used normally to pay for major infrastructure projects as it is being proposed in Toronto, but instead for operational maintenance. Tolls are normally used to repave roads and other operational costs and City’s alone do not build major infrastructure project in North America. The City is short of money, because the Province has structured it that way and it lacks the power to make a better choice, but it is still a poor choice. We must remember that the Gardiner and the DVP are Provincial highways, but the government is making the City maintain them. There is no natural disaster we are dealing with, but rather, we are dealing with the downloading that has been happening for decades now.Furthermore, to think that tolls would allow Toronto to build new subways lines, more LRT’s or more highways is not thinking outside the box. It’s defying reality. You would never be able to raise enough money from this type of taxation tool. Tolls will be bad for the health of the City in the long run because they accentuate poverty.Most of us do not like user fees instinctively. Not too long ago in the Advocate, Howard Moscoe wrote an article about hospital parking fees and we had a good response from our readers about that article (http://www.downsviewadvocate.ca/2016/01/enough-with-hospital-parking-fees/). There is no difference between parking fees in a hospital, the fee you pay nowadays for your passport renewal, fees to use libraries or public parks or any number of other fees that are new and that keep on adding to the cost of living for working people.The truth is, neither property taxes nor tolls will build a City. In order to build a City we need the Province and Canada to come to the table with plans and the funds to build and maintain our infrastructure. Hundreds of millions of dollars that were available to the City of Toronto and other cities yearly throughout Ontario in the past are no longer there. They came from Provincial coffers through income tax, a much more progressive taxation method. We must change the existing conditions of Toronto and other cities to truly fix our transit problems. The services we all share and use collectively, like roads, libraries and hospitals need to be funded properly, but tolls will not solve our current problems.
Provincial Liberals Selling Off Hydro One Despite Public Opposition
Despite 80% of Ontarians being against the sale of Hydro One, the provincial Liberal government is moving ahead with its selloff to private investors.The independent Provincial Financial Accountability Office has even warned about the loss of provincial revenue that would result from the sale. The provincial ombudsman and other watchdogs have also warned against the secretive manner of the sale.Shortly after the provincial election, the Liberal government surprised the public by selling off 60% of Hydro One. To date, 30% has been sold meaning the public still currently owns the majority of shares.The sale has been a hotly debated topic at Queen's Park. This October, Ontario NDP leader Andrea Horwath moved a motion to end any further sale of this important public asset. “We need to make crucial changes to stop the rising cost of hydro and stop the privatization that’s driving those cost increases,” said Horwath.“The priority of our hydro system shouldn’t be generating big profits for investors. It should be to provide affordable electricity that keeps people’s bills as low as possible.”The motion did not pass due to the opposition of Liberal and Conservative MPPs.Downsview residents continue to see rising hydro bills, a cost many simply cannot afford. The rising costs particularly affect properties with electrical heating for the colder months.Bibi Ali, a local Condominium Board President, represents one such property where some residents face $1000 bills during the winters. She was surprised to hear about the hydro sell-off when it started and fears that privatization will only make the situation worse."It's not fair that our hydro bills are so high," said Bibi. "The government should have asked people instead of just going ahead and selling things off."A number of organizations opposed to the selloff of Hydro One, have put together a website (www.keephydropublic.ca) with a lot of great information and opportunities to take a stand against the sale.If the government continues in its sell-off plan, the public will lose the majority say on the future of hydro. The provincial Liberal government should listen to the will of the public and stop any further sale before they make a bad situation only worse.
Mayor Tory talks Manufacturing in DUKE Heights
On the morning of Tuesday September 13th, approximately 250 people gathered at Teknion furniture headquarters for some breakfast and to hear Mayor John Tory speak. It was the Mayor’s Economic Update Breakfast and the purpose of the event was to remind everyone that manufacturing is an essential part of Toronto’s economy.The mayor’s message was clear: we need manufacturing in order to be a successful economy and there was no better neighborhood to deliver this message than in DUKE Heights. This is a neighborhood that provides many of the manufacturing jobs in the GTA, with manufacturing being the second largest source of employment for the 30,000 employees who work in the area.Mayor Tory emphasized that Toronto has a very competitive market for manufacturing. Toronto is home to some extremely innovative and intelligent individuals who create quality goods whose production is supported by good laws. The Mayor stated that because of these things, despite the economic downturn of 2008, manufacturing has grown in Toronto. In the last few years the GTA has added 1300 new jobs in manufacturing.Despite this growth, our local manufacturing sector is suffering. Canadian companies do not seem to have very strong exports and despite the Mayor’s claims that there are laws setup to support the manufacturing sector, there are many other road blocks from the city and local infrastructure that hinder development. The Mayor gave an example of a local company that wished to expand their food processing plant. For this addition they needed to receive new permits and hook up hydro to the new part of the building. It took so long to go through these official processes that the new addition of the plant was built and ready long before hydro was hooked up. Mayor Tory stated that he is aware of the roadblocks that manufacturers face when dealing with the City and city infrastructure and says he takes responsibility for these problems. “Time is money” says Tory “and we are working on that”. What form that work and responsibility will take remains unspecified at this juncture as this update seemed to serve mostly as a morale boost to the manufacturing sector.It is understandable since more than ever manufacturing is seen as a less viable career option. Part of the importance of holding his update at a factory like Teknion is to showcase what modern manufacturing can be. The products at Teknion are sleek and professionally engineered and the work is both craftsmanship and technology based. Teknion is a good example that to be successful in modern manufacturing requires intense training, education, trade skills and more.One thing to take from this economic update event is to try a little harder to support our local industry by buying local and supporting Canadian manufacturers.
The Latest on Electoral Reform
Since this paper last wrote an article on electoral reform there have been several developments on the issue.Firstly, Justin Trudeau apologized to the House of Commons for comments he made during Question Period alleging that the opposition was not cooperating on electoral reform. When questioned about the lack of progress, Trudeau said that his government has put forward several ways to address the issue, including a parliamentary committee, direct engagement by the Minister of Democratic Institutions, and a public consultation. Trudeau implied that the delays arose because the opposition Conservatives and NDP were imposing unreasonable conditions in exchange for taking part. Conservative MP Scott Reid challenged this statement, calling it “invented and patently false”, forcing the Prime Minister to issue a formal apology through the Speaker.In addition, the Prime Minister altered the structure of the parliamentary committee looking at electoral reform. Initially, the committee had a government majority but after the NDP put forward a motion for a a committee that gave a majority to the opposition parties the Liberals abandoned their plans and supported this motion. Prime Minister Trudeau said that he feared they were acting too much like the Conservatives under Stephen Harper and that his government is trying to work better with the opposition. The initial proposal would also have denied a vote to the Bloc and the Green Party but the NDP committee contains five Liberals, three Conservatives, two NDP, and one Bloc and one Green Party. The motion also called for all MPs to conduct town hall consultations with constituents and to file results by October 14th. There have not yet been many scheduled town hall meetings, in fact, only a handful have taken place so far. Local MP Judy Sgro has yet to set a date for consultations in her riding but this information will be added to the Downsview Advocate’s website event listing when it becomes available.The consultations will discuss what form electoral reform will take. There are two major proposals: Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) and Single Transferable Vote (STV). MMP involves making two votes: one for a local MP and one for a regional representative. The regional MP would be used to “top up” the votes to ensure that the number of MPs that the party receives is proportional to the number of votes it receives. The Law Commission of Canada recommended this system in 2004. STV involves larger ridings that would receive a number of MPs based on its population. Voters rank candidates on their order of preference. The number of votes needed to elect an MP would be calculated by dividing the number of voters by the number of seats. Candidates who receive more than this will have their surplus votes transferred to voters’ second choice. The BC Citizens Assembly recommended this system in 2004.Leadnow is an organization concerned with this issue and will be conducting a detailed presentation on proportional representation in the coming months. The time and location will also be posted on the Advocate’s website.Stay tuned for more information!
New Trustee elected in by-election
A very tight race culminated with a new name being chosen as Trustee to York Centre. The election was held on Monday, July 25th to fill in the opening created after the passing of Howard Kaplan. Alexandra Lulka is the new school trustee. She won by just over 100 votes in a very close election. 10 candidates put in their names for the contest and the top two won 31% and 29 % respectively. Erica Shiner came in a close second. This is the 4th by-election the TDSB has held as a rash of events has led to multiple Trustees needing to be replaced.
Should the Federal Government be allowed to do whatever it wants?
If you built a deck without a building permit the city inspectors would stomp all over your back with hob nailed boots. But the Federal government can build anything it wants, however it wants without one. It’s a legal principle called ‘paramountcy’. It’s based on the idea that one order of government can’t tell the one above it what to do and it makes some kind of sense. You wouldn’t want the province of Prince Edward Island declaring war on North Korea, or the city of Vaughan deciding what OHIP should pay a doctor.You can imagine my surprise then, when I notice a 33,000 sq. ft., $45M building being constructed in my ward and it had no building permit or any city approvals. In 1996 the Department of National Defence decided to consolidate their ten buildings in Toronto into a single structure which they built on Downsview base land on the north side of Sheppard Ave., just west of the Allen Road. As far as new buildings were concerned the Federal Government had until now, always respected the municipal planning and building process and had applied for building permits even though they didn’t have to. The city was the expert here. Toronto’s official plan laid out standards that protected public interest. The re-zoning process allowed for public input and the city design standards were some of the highest in Canada. This was the first time the military had evoked paramountcy in Toronto. It resulted in a very ugly building.Art Eggleton was the minister of defence. As a former mayor of Toronto he should have known better. Art and I shared the riding and had always worked co-operatively. My annoyance prompted me to give the building an award. It was a prize that I invented for the occasion; the “Toronto’s Ugliest New Building Award”. I invited Art to receive the honour in a ceremony at the County Style Doughnut shop at Wilson Heights and Sheppard. Alas, Art did not show up so the girl behind the counter accepted it on his behalf as we mugged for the Camera. Fortunately, I was able to present the award formally the next night at the annual “Toronto’s Best Building Award Gala” at the design exchange on Bay Street. Art wasn’t there either.I next took the issue to council and convinced them to establish a committee that would review any matter, no matter how trivial or routine, related to the Downsview Lands. Council appointed me to chair the committee.A few months later I received a call from someone who identified himself as a Colonel.“We need to have a municipal address. I thought that this was a routine matter”, he said. “Now I am told that I have to appear before the Downsview Lands Operational Protocol Committee. The delay in receiving a municipal number is causing a major headache for the armed forces. The building is the centre for all land forces in Ontario and unless we have a municipal address Canada Post will not deliver our mail.”“We don’t seem to have a record of your building in our files.” I said.”Can you put us on the agenda?” "I’d be happy to do that,” I replied"“When will the Committee be meeting?” “I’m not sure. It hasn’t had its first meeting yet. Perhaps it will meet in three or maybe six months. It would be helpful in the interim if you paid us the half million in building permit fees that you owe.” “As to postal delivery,” I said. “Tell them to send the mail to Art Eggleton’s constituency office. His staff will be happy to bring it over.”It took them a year but they finally solved their problem by having Canada Post give them their own postal code. Since that time they have further ‘uglified’ the building. Instead of flowers they’ve landscaped it with tanks and other military equipment. These, of course, are appropriate decorations for a military structure. You wouldn’t expect the military to display flowers. Only peaceniks do that.The military hardware is adorned by beautiful brass plaques that trumpet their historical significance. But there is just one problem. During the 3 day G-20 and G-7summit in Toronto when the Harper government blew $1.1 billion on security somebody threw barbed wire fences around the armories. This was obviously to protect the military from attacks by the protesters that never came north of Bloor Street. Now, because of the barbed wire fences, nobody is able to get close enough to read the plaques. Barbed wire, by the way, is illegal in Toronto but then again the Federal government doesn’t have to abide by our bylaws. They have paramountcy.
A message from Jessica Baker, candidate for the July 25 TDSB Trustee By-Election
Jessica Baker is a Ward 5 resident and lives in the area with her husband, Adam, and their children. She is an active member of organizations like the Bathurst Manor Action Group and is running to be the Ward 5 TDSB Trustee is focus her attention on taking action with the TDSB.Jessica is a very approachable individual and this will continue as Trustee. Just try to get in touch with her or her campaign now and you see. You can email votejessicabaker@gmail.com, call 416-554-7962, or contact us through Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/votejessicabaker/Jessica’s main issues all focus on the school, classroom, and students. Having this as the focus shows a desire to make real change through concrete actions. These main issues are:
- School buildings
- I will have questions about the prioritizing of some tasks over others and will make sure that the mandatory repairs to Ward 5 schools get done before the less important repairs in other wards.
- I will work with the school communities to make sure that our schools get the attention they need to be safe and welcoming places for our students.
- Mental Health in Schools
- I will work to further include mental health organizations like Adventure Place Agency, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Griffin Centre, and other agencies into each school in Ward 5.
- I will be establishing a volunteer position for a student to facilitate and schedule age-appropriate workshops for schools in the ward. There will then be follow-up and connections made between staff in the school and the various Mental Health agencies.
- Special Education Programming
- I will use board resources and board level staff input to make significant improvements to the support your student gets.
- Bullying and School Violence
- I will increase the number and quality of Anti-bullying programs and follow-up programs and ensured consistent focus on maintaining healthy relationships.
- I will meet with all school administrators to be briefed on the Safe and Caring Schools portion of their School Improvement Plan and remain informed about their progress.
- I will also ensure that the school administrators know that I will work to find all money and resources that they require to reach their goals for the year. These issues are too serious to not properly fund, if we want to see improvements.
On July 25, VOTE JESSICA BAKER. *Provided by the Jessica Baker Campaign.
“Public service should never be a chore” Erica Shiner joins the political arena
Part of what makes up the Canadian identity, is that everyone comes from families who came to this country to rebuild, buck traditions and start fresh. We all come from people, or are people, who have given their all to build up their communities to make a better life for their families.One such Canadian is Erica Shiner, a nominee in the upcoming School Board Trustee by-election. Shiner is the granddaughter of former North York Alderman and deputy mayor, Esther Shiner. Esther Shiner was often known for her passionate work on the GTA transportation system and now has a boulevard and a stadium named in her memory.When Erica Shiner’s great grandparents first came to Canada around the turn of the 20th century, they settled with many other Ashkenazi Jews, around Kensington Market. It was not until around the 1950s that her grandparents, Esther and Sol Shiner, moved up to North York and began establishing their family in our community. Shiner describes her grandparents as being active and concerned neighbors who worked hard to become “pillars of the community”.When speaking of her grandmother, Shiner states, “I'm so proud of everything my grandmother accomplished, especially as there were so few women in politics when she first threw her hat in the ring in the 1970s… I'm really inspired by her. She was so warm and so tough at the same time, and I'm often told that I've inherited her chutzpah”Esther Shiner’s example and passion seems to have been passed down through the generations, with her son (and Erica’s uncle) becoming a city councillor for ward 24 as well. While Shiner has inherited a civic passion and a compassionate personality type from her relatives, she has different plans for how to bring that into the community, by focusing in on the school board to start her political career. When asked about her future plans for the community, Shiner explains her desire to encourage the development of community hubs.Shiner explains, “Connecting children, as well as families, to their neighbourhoods by developing community hubs is a wonderful way to increase community engagement. Creating spaces where we get to know our neighbours and connect educational and recreational resources is a great way to develop our communities to serve the needs of children, seniors, families, and everyone in between.”The Shiner family is an excellent example of what it means to be Canadian, by working to create a better future for our children. Shiner is working hard to carry on that tradition by trying to contribute to our education system here in Downsview.And who knows, the passion and excitement passed down through her Grandmother may yet make it to another generation of Shiners with Erica’s son. When asked about his future Shiner says, “He’s just shy of 5, so it’s a little early to predict his life path” but “My son is the friendliest person I know, so.. It would be no surprise if he carries on the tradition”For more information on Erica Shiner’s campaign, please visit www.ericashiner.com
York Centre Trustee By-Election is July 25th
The sudden death of former TDSB Trustee Howard Kaplan has prompted a by-election call in York Centre. The election will be held on Monday, July 25th.To find out where to vote you can go to the following website www.toronto.ca/electionsAt the time of publication 10 candidates signed up for the by-election and The Downsview Advocate contacted them in order to provide a profile on each one to our readers. The following are the profiles for the candidates that responded.Name: Sue MathiEmail: info@suemathi.comWebsite: www.suemathi.comFacebook: www.facebook.com/suemathiward5trusteecandidate/I am eager to serve this diverse community. A trustee should be interested in advocating for the needs of the entire community and I will do that with vigor. I do not have a personal agenda, nor am I using the role as a gateway into politics. To show my commitment to service, I have promised that if elected, I will donate my entire first year’s salary directly to the schools in Ward 5 to be used at their discretion. I value education, children, and proper use of tax-payers money. I am eager to give back and help the children in our community get the best out of our education dollars.Name: Jordan GlassEmail: glass4yorkcentre@gmail.comWebsite: http://glass4yorkcentre.webs.com/Twitter: @Glass4YorkCenFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/GlassInYorkCentre/I believe I can help make our school system better. As a parent of a child with special needs, I’ve spent years trying to navigate my way through the obscene red-tape in the TDSB. Dealing with our school board should not be this hard. My priority would be to create a parent facilitator to guide parents through a system that was not built with the concerns of them or their children in mind. This individual would assist families by empowering parents to speak for the needs of their children, especially those with special needs. Name: Erica ShinerEmail: info@ericashiner.comWebsite: ericashiner.comTwitter: @ericashinerFacebook: facebook.com/ericashinerTOMy son's first experience in kindergarten this year was a real eye-opener to the challenges that children and parents face when navigating the system. Classes are overcrowded and repairs are woefully underfunded. I love being of service by amplifying the voices of others, and I'm passionate about implementing the changes necessary to better our school system. If elected, my priority would be implementing better planning to avoid overcrowding and the short-sighted sale of schools. I'm also committed to creating a more effective system of parent engagement to resolve issues at schools. Whether there are concerns with special needs, bullying, health issues, or anything else, parents need more accessibility to work with their schools.
Farewell to Ford Nation?
Some three years before Rob Ford became the punch line of late-night TV jokes in the US, he was elected mayor of Canada’s largest city by a landslide victory that surprised many. Less than three years after generating headlines around the world — and after both illness and scandal forced him to forgo a reelection bid — he was dead from cancer.So what now can we say about Rob Ford?While the image of a vulgar, crack-smoking mayor at odds with Canadian politeness contains a certain element of truth, it risks casting Ford as either an isolated phenomenon or a political anomaly. Even within Canada, where the experience of Ford is less removed, the swirl of controversy he generated has often masked the political circumstances that produced him.This was a man, after all, who both secured and retained the mayoralty of Canada’s largest metropole despite a cavalcade of outbursts and scandals that would have instantly sunk any other politician.These included, but were not limited to: getting kicked out of a sports event after drunkenly berating a couple (“You right-wing communist bastards . . . Who the fuck do you think you are? Are you a fucking teacher? Do you want your little wife to go over to Iran and get raped and shot?”); hiring as a personal driver a man convicted of making death threats (and who reportedly carried around a vial of bed bugs as a weapon); physically assaulting his staff and injuring a colleague on the floor of the city council; commissioning public transit for personal use; using city resources to fundraise for his private foundation; being photographed with his arm around a neo-Nazi and several alleged gang members (another man in the picture who was not gang-affiliated was fatally shot soon after); repeatedly appearing under the influence in public; charging a reporter spotted near his house and slandering him as a “pedophile”; repeatedly skipping work to coach high school football; and, of course, being caught on video smoking crack.Ford’s appalling behavior, not to mention his frequent displays of racism, misogyny, and homophobia, devolved into a political spectacle that was unprecedented in scale even before it spread across Canada’s borders.But to overlook the wider context of Fordism, to remain preoccupied with the personal rather than the political, is to misunderstand and misinterpret his mayoralty and his legacy. For far from being the product of mere happenstance or one-time civic stupidity, Rob Ford’s career was deeply interwoven with the economic and political changes that have characterized the neoliberal transformation of Toronto — and Canada — since the 1990s.
The Political Context of Fordism
On October 25, 2010, Rob Ford was elected mayor of Toronto, receiving more than 47 percent of the vote and easily defeating former provincial cabinet minister George Smitherman and Deputy Mayor Joe Pantalone.A city councilor representing the suburban ward of Etobicoke North, Ford had received a boost from a variety of events in the final months of the campaign, most notably a thirty-nine-day strike by the city’s unionized garbage workers that was so unpopular it compelled left-leaning incumbent David Miller not to seek reelection.Accordingly, the Ford campaign, with its reductive but evocative slogans (“Stop the Gravy Train!”, “Respect For Taxpayers”), ran on a classic right-wing populist program that promised, among other things: the privatization of garbage collection, an end to the city’s fair-wage policy (which ensured all workers, unionized or non-unionized, received a union wage), and dramatic improvement in services despite cuts to spending.His rhetoric, both during the election and his career as a city councilor, had a strong anti-metropolitan streak. He targeted public funding for the arts, bike lanes, city bylaws protecting trees (which he decried as “communism”), and ostensible symptoms of downtown largesse like council office budgets.Notably, one of Ford’s key campaign promises was to cancel Mayor Miller’s signature achievement — an extensive upgrade to the city’s transit networks and the construction of new light rail networks — and replace it with costly new subway lines.For all of his claims of being a populist outsider, Ford swept into office with considerable establishment support. Months before he entered the campaign, Marcus Gee, city columnist at Canada’s newspaper of record, wrote a column begging him to run and filled with rhetorical tropes that would soon become emblematic of establishment support for Ford:Every big, lumbering organization needs a gadfly, someone with the temerity to tell the hostess the salmon mousse tastes off before the dinner guests succumb to food poisoning . . . [Mr. Ford] has established himself over 10 years on city council as the champion of the little guy, that overtaxed, fed-up denizen of Etobicoke or North York or Scarborough who cares more about getting the potholes fixed on his street than putting a green roof on City Hall, who thinks that shiraz-sipping downtown professionals have far too much sway in the city and who would like to see Mayor David Miller hung by his toes above the skating rink at Nathan Phillips Square.While Gee noted Ford’s history of “troubling behaviour,” he cited the “pizazz” and “entertainment value” it would bring to the election. The paper’s editorial board, while stopping short of an endorsement, praised Ford’s record as a councilor and his tax- and budget-cutting agenda.He would eventually earn the endorsement of two major city papers (the Sun, a populist tabloid, and the National Post, the newspaper of Canada’s right-wing intelligentsia) and was hailed in Maclean’s Magazine as a “political genius.”The liberal Toronto Star — which had sharply criticized Mayor Miller’s left-leaning policies at the end of his term and which had torpedoed the surging candidacy of his would be-successor Adam Giambrone by breaking news of several affairs — campaigned strongly against Ford and endorsed Smitherman.While Ford may have capitalized on ephemeral shifts in public mood, the growing presence of conservatism in Toronto politics (less than a year later, Stephen Harper’s Conservatives would sweep much of the Greater Toronto Area in the 2011 federal election), and the legitimacy the establishment conferred on him, these factors alone do not explain the decisiveness of his victory or his five-year stranglehold on the mayoralty. Nor do they account for his less popular brother Doug’s near-win in the 2014 mayoral election, in which he flew the Ford banner.
Austerity and the Neoliberal City
As Paul Cohen and others have noted, the real roots of Fordism transcend the politics of 2009 or 2010.In the early 1990s, Canada’s federal Liberal government decided to tackle the country’s deficit by way of an austerity program that dramatically restructured public programs and put an end to the nominally social-democratic postwar consensus. Finance Minister Paul Martin, announcing the Canadian equivalent of Bill Clinton’s “the era of big government is over” proclamation, declared:It is now time for government to get its fiscal house in order. For years, governments have been promising more than they can deliver, and delivering more than they can afford. That has to end. We are ending it . . . Over the next three years, for every one dollar raised in new revenues we will cut five dollars in government expenditures.The cuts were swift and deep. As Michal Rozworski notes, between 1993 and 2000 spending on federal programs and transfers to provinces, cities, and individuals declined by more than five percent of GDP.These changes profoundly reshaped the internal politics of Canada’s provinces — especially in Ontario where in 1995 Mike Harris’s Progressive Conservatives trounced the left administration of NDP Premier Bob Rae to form a majority government. Harris’s government, among the most conservative ever elected in Canada, deepened austerity still further with its so-called “Common Sense Revolution.”Responsibilities for public health, housing, and social assistance were downloaded onto municipalities that, with limited discretionary taxation power, had little financial room to adapt, improve, or even adequately fund many services.The new arrangement ensured that Toronto’s city government — or anyone else attempting to use it as an instrument for progressive or egalitarian ends — would have few genuine revenue tools at its disposal.Only politically noxious property tax hikes or user fees remained realistic options (the Miller administration’s $60 Vehicle Registration Tax, for instance, would be seized upon by Ford as a campaign issue, and was repealed early in his term), and Toronto’s weak mayor system would make even those measures a heavy lift.In 1998, in perhaps its most dramatic move, the Harris government unilaterally amalgamated municipalities across Ontario (reducing the total number from 850 to 443) despite considerable grassroots opposition and a Toronto referendum that found 76 percent of voters opposed the plan. While amalgamation failed to achieve its stated purpose of reducing the size of government, it succeeded in permanently reconfiguring Toronto’s political landscape with far-reaching consequences.The austerity domino effect initiated by the federal Liberals and intensified by the Harris PCs effectively consolidated a pattern of uneven and unequal urban development that created the conditions for Ford’s 2010 ascendancy.Twenty-first century Toronto resembles a metaphor for the neoliberal city writ large. In the core, an affluent and rapidly gentrifying downtown houses a mostly middle-class (and disproportionately white) population with superior access to transit and other public infrastructure. Here, a university, the headquarters of Canada’s national public broadcaster, the provincial Parliament, and the country’s largest financial district find their homes amongst ever-increasing condo development and construction.As David Hulchanski has shown, wealthy neighborhoods are now exclusively clustered around the old, pre-amalgamation City of Toronto (a complete reversal from the 1970s), while the outer neighborhoods are overwhelmingly poor (and getting poorer).In an image of almost perfect political symmetry, a map showing the distribution of Ford’s 2010 vote almost exactly mirrors the boundaries of Toronto prior to amalgamation and the distribution of income across city neighborhoods.More than any fleeting political event, it was this profound urban class divide that produced the Ford mayoralty and its accompanying mélange of toxicity, civic dysfunction, and brutality.The political constituency that came to be known as “Ford Nation” wasn’t so much united by a series of concrete aims as by a desire to see downtown Toronto’s elitist equilibrium violently disrupted.For the poor voters in peripheral neighborhoods, excluded from the bustling metropole, it didn’t matter that Ford’s expensive plans for new subways were at odds with his penny-pinching ethos. What mattered was that, for once, the patrician denizens of pre-amalgamation Toronto might not get what they wanted.The Mayor, the ManFord’s conduct, frequently blurring the line between public and the private, also reflected the neoliberal city in its own twisted way. It was often hard to tell where his personal favors to friends stopped and his service to constituents began — Ford himself didn’t see any difference.As a councilor and even as mayor, he spent much of his time coaching football to ostensibly troubled high school students. He saw no problem with using city letterhead to solicit donations for his football foundation, expensing office supplies to his own family business, or chartering a city bus to transport his football team. Just before his election as mayor, Ford had even been caught on tape offering to help a constituent buy drugs.The mayor’s regular “Ford Fest” gatherings, invariably held in the city’s peripheral wards, attracted huge crowds, drawn by the free food and the opportunity to see “the Taxpayer’s Lord” in person.Treating political office like a familial commodity, Ford passed his old council seat in Etobicoke to his brother Doug in 2010 (who easily won the election) and reclaimed it when he left the mayoralty (his nephew Michael, who had planned to contest the seat, stepped aside and won a seat on the city school board instead). By doling out favors, forging local alliances, and making use of their considerable wealth, the Ford family effectively built a small private fiefdom in Toronto’s west end, complete with its own popular base throughout the city.What ultimately united Ford’s own personal ambition with his right-wing politics was a patrimonial attitude that elevated his family’s desire for power above the traditional rules of political conduct — and really, most any other legal or ethical constraints.While his violent behavior and personal dysfunction may have been his own, they reflected a city of deep fissures where the growing class divides wrought by decades of neoliberal politics have engendered a profound sense of exclusion and anomie outside of the downtown core.That Toronto’s ruling establishment initially not only tolerated Ford but welcomed him is testament to the strength of the neoliberal consensus among many Canadian elites. Having implemented it on a national level, they were only too pleased to see it implemented in the heart of the country’s largest metropole.That its figurehead became a person like Rob Ford tells us a great deal about how cruel and destructive that consensus truly is.*Originally published in Jacobin Magazine